Counselors as Companions and Ethics in Human Services Essay Example for Free

Guides as Companions and Ethics in Human Services Essay 1. Each individual we come into contact with every day can show us a bit of something about existence. You simply must be available to learning. This specific advisor who was acquainted with Steve for whatever astronomical explanation, however left the experience more learned about the human condition than when at first presented. From the start and without knowing any foundation on Steve the guide could have recently chalked Steve up as an extraordinary needs understudy who not the slightest bit would succeed being endlessly from home. The councilor anyway invested significant time and became acquainted with his understudy and discovered all the triumphs that he had been confronted with and had defeated consistently. The guide had the option to verify that this understudy was not the slightest bit going to surrender and get lost in an outright flood because of a progression of deplorable occasions. Each kid I interact with every day has their own story, a considerable lot of which are awful or terrifying, however yet many drive forward and will become gainful citizenry since somebody en route has demonstrated that they give it a second thought. 2. Steve had the option to profit the same amount of as the advisor through this communication. He had the option to endure and finish his instruction. All that Steve required was for another person to likewise observe the finish of the passage just as he saw it. Having somebody in the same spot and ready to remain with you through your objectives is useful to every one of those included not simply the single individual with the objective. I figure the greatest push anybody would ever get is having somebody who doesn't have any acquaintance with you state you cannot do that; it gives even more inspiration to refute them. As indicated by the National Organization of Human Services (NOHS), a code of morals is an express proclamation of the qualities, standards, and the principles of a calling, directing the lead of its members† (Barker, 2001, p.84) There are two proclamations found in the NOHS however that best sum up this code and make it material to the field in which I am at present encircled by. Explanation 45 Human assistance instructors exhibit full promise to their selected obligations, and are excited about and empowering of understudies learning. Proclamation 46 Human help teachers model the individual traits, qualities and abilities of the human assistance proficient, including however not constrained to, the eagerness to look for and react to input from understudies. In perusing Steve’s venture on the Hero’s Path there is a recognizable second that identifies with my present position that I have been observer to and helped with. As a direction secretary for a state funded school I have seen man kinds of understudies stroll through our entryway. Our latest understudies who have come looking for an opportunity to mix in with a customary understudy body are two understudies who wound up being closest companions notwithstanding each other’s complex issues. One is an overweight multi year old and experiences Prader-Willi Syndrome and sneaks food from our cafeteria any possibility he gets. The other a multi year old was brought into the world with mutation of the mouth and hands. Both are a piece of our specialized curriculum program. In light of their outward appearances, both are avoided by the other understudy, which has had almost no impact on them. To help them in this exertion of mixing in our Administrative Resource Teacher, who is well known and loved by the understudy body as a result of her understanding and supportive nature has basically nominated these two during our busiest lunch period. So as to keep the youngster with Prader-Willi from taking uneaten food and his companion from taking anything for him, they have their lunch and when they are done, are put on wrongdoing watch around the border of the school, with our ART. The kid with Prader-Willi gets exercise and it expels him from enticing treats abandoned by understudies, for example, milk and chips. Both likewise get the fulfillment of realizing that notwithstanding their irregularities they are normal understudies. During kick gatherings when the energized understudy body is a touch of overpowering, these understudies likewise realize that my office is a place of refuge for them. They realize that they should accomplish work ordering or sorting out yet they each have an undertaking. I’ve heard a considerable lot of our chairmen rehash this idiom time and time â€Å"you need to know our understudies, so as to instructor them†, the equivalent applies in any cooperation with them. Understudies don’t simply learn in the four dividers of a homeroom, they learn in each sort of condition. On the off chance that you make that condition one where they are agreeable understudies will return on numerous occasions to look for your direction and model properties they found and have seen illustrated. References Halstead, Richard A. (2000, January). From disaster to triumph: guide as partner on the hero’s venture. Guiding Values, 44(2), 100. http://www.nationalhumanservices.org/moral gauges for-hs-experts

Southern Voting Behavior Essays - , Term Papers

Southern Voting Behavior Southern Voting conduct since the 1960's Voters in numerous regions of the U.S. are able to cast a ballot diversely in general from political decision to political decision. The country has moreover had a diminished turnout rate for the presidential and nearby decisions. The South has regularly not followed these designs that the remainder of has appeared to be following. The Southern whites of the U.S. have normally followed and decided in favor of the more preservationist applicant and gathering. Where as the Southern blacks have commonly (when they have had the option to cast a ballot) decided in favor of the more liberal gathering or applicant. The South was one after another a Democratic fortress what's more, has in the previous 30 years become a normally preservationist casting a ballot electorate. This propensity of casting a ballot by race for the liberal or traditionalist applicant has been a proceeding with event. Southern show up for races has been fundamentally lower than the remainder of the country too over a similar timeframe. This inclination of the previous 30 years as well as voter turn out has as of late changed in the So! uth. In the start of and before the 1960's the South was a Democratic fortress and it was uncommon for there to be any rivalry from Republicans in these non serious states (Mulcahy p.56). A survey taken in the 1960's appeared that the southern states were the conspicuous fortress of Democratic distinguishing proof. The extraordinary case was Louisiana, where 66% related to the Democratic party(Black p.44). This all started to change as the Democratic party turned out to be progressively liberal in its national approach sees. The Democrats turned out to be excessively liberal in their arrangements concerning common rights for the white Southerners to keep deciding in favor of them. (Mulcahy p.40). This explanation alongside others is the thing that drove the Southern whites to change there casting a ballot propensities for the most recent 100 years. The white Southerners started to cast a ballot for leaders of the Republican party and for Independents, for example, the Dixiecrats, since they were more preservationist on a national scale. The Largest difference in the Southern voters o! ccurred in 1960 when the southern white Protestant presidential vote went Republican(Wayne p62). This would of took into consideration the democrats to lose the south if the dark electorate had not casted a ballot Democrat. The dark Southern voters at the hour of the 1960's were simply again ready to take an interest with their privileges to cast a ballot. This was on the grounds that not long after the Civil War and remaking the Southern whites diminished and in the end evacuated the fleeting dark political force. They included laws that made it obligatory to step through exams for voter qualification, also as demoralizing dark democratic by any means. This segregation enormously diminished if not totally ended dark democratic in the south until the 1950's and 1960's. It was not until 1965 that the Voting Rights Act was passed that restricted proficiency tests for government decisions did blacks get their sacred option to cast a ballot (Wayne p.70). Numerous blacks did actually bolster the Republican party for a significant long time since they were known as the gathering of reproduction what's more, liberating of the slaves. Dark democratic turned towards the Democrats in the 1930's and 40's on the guidance of One N.A.A.C.P. pioneer? Turn your photos of Lincoln to the wa! ll, the obligation is paid in full(Mulcahy p 37). This dark deciding in favor of the Democrats made an issue in of its self, that the Blacks were proceeding to decide in favor of the nearby white preservationist Democrats, that maintained the conventional Southern white perspectives. This lead to the proceeded with intensity of the harsh whites, despite the fact that the gathering stage was one of change. It was not until the mid 70's that when the Republicans won the political decision for the legislative leader of Virginia was the two party framework completely resuscitated in the south (U.S. news p. 210). This two gathering framework permitted Democrats to run on an increasingly liberal stage, which gave the blacks the portrayal that they needed. Casting a ballot in the South since the 1960's has followed the example of deciding in favor of the most ardent traditionalist, or defender of Southern whites sees. In the 1968 political race Southern whites in the Deep South decided in favor of George C. Wallace, while the remainder of the South split on Nixon and Hubert Humphrey. In the Election of 1972 This pattern appeared to proceed, in that Nixon was the more preservationist of the two Presidential Nominees and in this way he conveyed the South. In the 1976 Election it

A Historical Analysis of MA Waves

A Historical Analysis of MA Waves Business consolidations are now a part of the global business landscape. News about this conglomerate acquiring that company, or that business merging with this business are quite commonplace already. In 2015 alone, consolidations of businesses through mergers and acquisitions have surpassed the $3 trillion mark, and the year is not yet over. © Shutterstock.com | EpicStockMediaThere are three major types of business combinations: consolidation, merger, and acquisition. In a statutory consolidation, two or more companies decide to create a new company, resulting in the dissolution of the previous companies. In this article, we will focus primarily on the other two types, 1) mergers and acquisitions â€" MA, for short, as well as 2) historical MA waves.MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONSMA is the general term that is used to describe that aspect of management that deals with buying, selling and combining companies and business entities. It is mostly involved in business consolidations whereby two forms of business combinations â€" merger (M) and acquisition (A) â€" are applied.There have been many mistakes in the past where the two are used interchangeably, as if they are one and the same. They are both business amalgamation forms, yes, but they are also markedly different, although often used together in one term.MergersA merger is t he type of business combination where two companies join together to form a new company. It takes place when one company (the surviving company) takes over another company (the merged company). The purposes of a merger are any, or all, of the following: increase of overall competitive advantage, revenue growth, business growth, entry into new markets, and cost reduction.In this type of business combination, the two companies may be of differing sizes, although it could also happen that they are around the same size, hence the phrase “merger of equals”. A classic example would be the DaimlerChrysler Company, which was formed when two originally separate companies â€" Daimler-Benz and Chrysler â€" agreed to move forward as single, united company, instead of staying as separate entities both in management and operations. It is often done through purchase and surrender of stocks.AcquisitionIn an acquisition type of business combination, one company is purchased by another company. U nlike in a merger, there is no new company formed, because the purchasing company (the owner) is retained and merely absorbs the other company that it has purchased or acquired. The acquired company also retains its identity as a business entity, but it will now be under the control of the acquiring company.HISTORICAL MA WAVESMA has been around for a very long time; it is no longer a new concept that has just been introduced in the business world. It has started making its presence felt as early as the latter part of the 1800s, and the increasing competitiveness in the global business landscape was largely instrumental in its widespread application.The evolution of MA is broken down in six stages or “waves”, and we will look into those waves in the succeeding discussion.First Wave (1893-1904)The first wave of MA came to be known as the “great merger movement” in the US business scene, particularly the manufacturing sector. This wave was characterized by horizontal mergers, w here firms that operate within the same industry or field â€" often as competitors or rivals â€" combine together. This is often brought about by larger corporations that are aiming for more efficient economies of scale since the companies joining together are providing the same products or services. Thus, forming trusts became the norm. This was particularly attractive to companies that wanted to establish monopolies and market dominance, seeing as the combinations resulted to larger combined market shares.The period between 1893 and 1904, and immediately before the beginning of World War I, saw the rise of manufacturing and transportation giants in the United States, particularly in the industries of steel, oil, mining and railroads. The telephone industry also benefited from horizontal mergers.The prime examples of horizontal integration during the first wave included:Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (1899).  This American oil and gas company was founded in 1870 but officially became a trust as the “New Jersey Holding Company” in 1899.United States Steel Corporation (1901).  This steel company was founded in 1901 by merger/buyout of Carnegie Steel Company, Federal Steel Company, National Steel Company and J.P. Morgan. This made it the largest steel producer, as well as the largest corporation, in the whole world at the time.International Harvester Corporation (1902).  IHC is a prime American manufacturer of machinery and equipment for agricultural and construction purposes, and commercial and household products. It was formed with the merger by J.P. Morgan of five agricultural equipment firms, including the Deering Harvester Company and the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company.Second Wave (1919-1929)The monopolies created through horizontal integration during the First Wave resulted to the government intervening and enacting laws that ban or prohibit what they referred to as “anticompetitive behavior”. Case in point: the Standard Oil Company was r uled as an illegal monopoly by the US Supreme Court in 1911. This led to the company switching over to vertical integration, which was the identifying facet of the Second Wave of the MAVertical mergers are more efficiency-oriented; rather than increasing revenue, the goal is to reduce costs and improve a company’s overall efficiency. This type of merger involves two companies that are not competitors but collaborators, in the sense that they used to purchase from each other in the past. Thus, it is a common sight to see a bidder or buyer expanding the company’s operations towards the resources (upstream) or the end-user (downstream).An example would be a company that sells raw materials used by another company in its manufacturing processes. The cost of finding suppliers and distributors, as well as the costs involved in negotiations with third parties will be eliminated since the companies are already joined. The major benefit in this type of merger can be felt in the supply an d logistics divisions.One effect of this MA wave was oligopolies taking the place of monopolies. The companies that were not able to get a piece of the action during the First Wave were left to merge with other businesses or acquire other companies in order to remain competitive with the bigger players created during the first wave. This wave ended during the Great Depression and the crash in 1929.The major players were automobile manufacturers, with Ford and FIAT leading the pack. The oil and gas industry also adapted during the second wave, as evidenced by the Standard Oil Company moving from horizontal to vertical integration, expanding its operations to oil refining, retailing and marketing.Third Wave (1955-1970)Expansion and diversification became the main drivers of the decisions made by companies when the Third Wave rolled around. When neither horizontal nor vertical integrations provided the solutions that these large companies were looking for, they turned their attention t o conglomerate mergers and acquisitions.Conglomerate mergers and acquisitions involve companies or corporations that belong to various fields of business, often unrelated to each other. They do not have to belong to the same industry or space, and their products or services may be vastly different or have nothing to do with one another.This Wave was spurred by the desire of US corporations to enter new markets and diversify their revenue streams. Therefore, holding companies and conglomerates cropped up left and right.It did not last long, however. The crash in share prices, amplified by the oil crisis in the first part of the 1970s, resulted in the end of the Third Wave.One of the major names that resulted during the Third Wave was the General Electric Company. Originally, it rode the Second Wave when it absorbed the National Electric Lamp Association (NELA) and made it a major component of its lighting division.Fourth Wave (1974-1989)The Fourth Wave saw the arrival of corporate ra iders on the scene, and hostile takeovers and congeneric mergers became commonplace.The moniker “corporate raider” has been granted to any investor or financier who seeks to take control of a business or a company by acquiring large shareholdings or a controlling interest, often in a less than congenial manner. Hence, the term “hostile takeover”, which is a type of acquisition or merger made without the wishes or even the consent of the owners, shareholders, or management of the company being acquired. As the word “hostile” implies, this takeover is on the unfriendly side, and involves a lot of friction for everyone involved.Congeneric mergers, on the other hand, take place between two companies or businesses that belong to the same industry â€" or in different but related industries that allow them to have synergyâ€" but are not involved in making the same products or providing the same services.In both cases, the companies merged or combined are involved in business in similar or related fields but do not have the same offerings to the market.During this wave, investment banks played a more active role, willing to dole out large sums of cash in order to aid their clients â€" the corporate raiders â€" in their hostile takeover bids. It also saw the development of new markets, with the “junk” bond market being one of them. This is where bonds of companies with poor or low credit quality are being sold.The inevitable end of the fourth wave came in 1989, when the banks ended up lending too much, too often (and it did not help that the high rates of inflation also meant the borrowing costs were too high), that they were unable to sustain their capital structures. This was aggravated even more by the crash of the stock market in 1987, where many companies were forced to close their doors.Fifth Wave (1993-2000)The ‘90s welcomed the entry of the “mega deals”, where businesses had displayed greater greed for bigger economies of scale. The result was the creation of multinational companies and conglomerates which have become massive. After all, they were of the belief that the bigger they are, the more dominant they will be in the market.As such, foreign investors began entering the US market (and vice versa). The type of acquisition or merger that involves foreign investors obtaining controlling interest in the acquired or merged company became known as “cross-border mergers”. They involve two countries with the rules or laws of the Home Country (where the acquiring company is) prevailing over the acquisition and control of the acquired or merged company in the Host Country. This was seen by many businesses as the perfect opportunity to enter markets in other countries and establish dominance on an international and even global scale.If you look at the biggest MA deals in history, many of them took place during the Fifth Wave. One example of a cross-border merger is UK’s Vodafone AirTouch purchase of Germany’s tele phone and internet giant Mannesman in 1999.The gas and oil industry were also the ones that were active during this period, as seen in the merger of Exxon and Mobil, resulting in ExxonMobil, which is currently the largest oil refining company in the world. GlaxoSmithKline, on the other hand, was the result of the merger of Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham, two of the top pharmaceutical companies in Europe at the time. Their merger easily made it one of the top pharmaceutical companies in the world.But it’s not just the gas and oil industry that made a killing when the Fifth Wave rolled around. This was also when the historic merger of Daimler and Chrysler took place, as well as Ford’s acquisition of Volvo.This wave didn’t last very long, either. It came in with a huge bang, but also went out fettered with scandals that involved the filing of bankruptcy of huge names such as Worldcom and Enron. The bursting of the dot-com bubble also sealed the deal.Sixth Wave (2003-2008)G lobalization, private equity, and shareholder activism were the key features that characterize what took place during the Sixth Wave, which took place on the heels of the recovery period of the dotcom bubble.Shareholders became more involved, leading to shareholder activism, where they displayed more influence and power over the actions and behavior of a corporation by the simple exercise of their ownership rights over the management. They do not directly run the company, but they do get to have a say on how the board of directors or the management run it.Of course, this proactive stance taken by shareholders led them to take action in spreading ownership with the management and the investors of the company. This resulted to the influx of private equity.Leveraged Buy-outs (LBOs) also became prevalent. These are mergers or acquisitions where the acquiring company borrows money in order to meet the cost of acquiring its target company, allowing them to make acquisitions or mergers wit hout the need to commit a large amount of capital. This act of borrowing or obtaining loans to meet acquisition costs can be said as something that was left off from the Fourth Wave. This time around, though, interest rates are kept low, and private equity firms were more active in lightening the load.Globalization became a key point in acquisitions and mergers, and more and more companies â€" even the larger and already established corporations â€" are more intent on expanding their reach to multinational and global markets. Vestiges of the cross-border mergers trend during the Fifth Wave are still strong and visible during the Sixth Wave, but with decidedly greater benefits. Government support is more readily available, and the growth of private equity funds also helped greatly.However, in December 2007, the subprime mortgage crisis in the US, which coincided with the recession of the US economy, marked the end of the Sixth Wave.The most popular example of a merger taking place du ring the Sixth Wave was that of American Online (AOL) purchasing Time Warner for US$164 billion.Seventh Wave (2011-onwards)Things didn’t look too good for MA during the next few years immediately following the end of the Sixth Wave. It did not help any when AOL Time Warner reported an almost US$100 billion loss after just one year from the historic merger. The merger went on to become known as the “biggest mistake in corporate merger history”.The year 2004 was a particularly harsh time for MA, no thanks to the downturn that the economy took.Still, all hope is not lost, as MA activity seemed to start stirring in 2011, fanning flames of hope that the Seventh Wave is about to start. In this Wave, the BRICS are taking to the forefront of MA activity. BRICS stands for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, five of the emerging national economies of the world. They are either developing countries or have just become newly industrialized, and they also happen to be five of t he most populous countries. In fact, all five countries account for more than 40% if the global population as of 2015. This cooperation among these countries are putting a lot of focus on commercial and corporate activities, and it would definitely come as no surprise when MA activities in the coming years will be heavily concentrated in these countries or the continents they belong in.One thing is for sure, however: we will still see trends and patterns that originally arose during the earlier Waves. Cross-border mergers and industrial consolidations will still flourish. Hostile takeovers, leveraged buy-outs, and concentric mergers will also remain to be prevalent.

Modern Art And Japanese Art - 1455 Words

With these words written in his celebrated manifesto, Takashi Murakami coined the term â€Å"superflat,† which he attempted to codify as a unique trend in Japanese art. The term can mean many things, both as the recognition of the â€Å"flattened† formal aesthetic and as the reconfiguration of the boundaries that shape cultural production. It directly refers to a tendency towards two-dimensional imagery in Japanese visual culture, which he recognizes both in the painting from Edo period and in today’s anime and manga. This two-dimensional surface, dramatically different from the linear perspective in western art, contains no depths of field. Also, Murakami states, â€Å"society, customs, art, culture: all are extremely two dimensional,† (proposal) so they should be equal-status and exist on the same plane. Scott Rothkopf explains this â€Å"flattened taste† in his essay: because the Japanese culture did not make distinctions between art and craft pr ior to the Westernization in the Meiji period, there was a â€Å"lack of differentiation between the Western categories of high and low.† Murakami’s work successfully forges the two genres, the traditional fine painting and the subcultured anime art. Becker proposes, â€Å"wherever an art world exists, it defines the boundaries of acceptable art,† (226) and artists could fall either inside or outside those boundaries. Among the four basic types of artists, Murakami should be considered an integrated professional, who â€Å"know(s), understand(s), and habituallyShow MoreRelatedThe History of Art951 Words   |  4 PagesThe uniqueness of Japanese art, especially in terms of Chinese art, depends on the historical era. 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AfterRead MoreEssay on History of Japanese Art1027 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout many centuries, art has portrayed an exceedingly dominant role in Japanese culture. These forms of artwork varied from everything from pottery to clay figurines. Overall, the majority of Japanese art was and still is considered to be of high importance in Japanese history. However, the most intriguing and unique form of art was the Isho-ningyo and Iki-ningyo dolls, otherwise known as the fashion doll and the â€Å"living doll†. Both the Is ho-ningyo and the Iki-ningyo were merelyRead MoreThe Development of Japanese Manga and Anime Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesThe Development of Japanese Manga and Anime Manga is a Japanese word that is generally used to refer to comics or cartoons while Anime is a term used to refer to animation, also originating from Japan. The origin of manga can be traced to the 18th century. 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Operating Activities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 261 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Investment Essay Did you like this example? 1) What are the examples of operating activities occured in a company? An accounting of funds related to the companys operations, reported on the cash flow statement of a companys annual report. This figure is calculated by adjusting net income to reflect depreciation expenses, deferred taxes, accounts payable, accounts receivable, and any extraordinary items. It shows how much money the company received from its actual business operations. This does not include cash received from other sources, such as investments. The examples of operating activities include the production, sales and delivery of the companys product as well as collecting payment from its customers. This could include purchasing raw materials, building inventory, advertising, and shipping the product. The other operating cash flows include: * Receipts from the sale of goods or services * Receipts for the sale of loans, debt or equity instruments in a trading portfolio * Interest received on loans * Divide nds received on equity securities * Payments to suppliers for goods and services * Payments to employees or on behalf of employees Interest payments (alternatively, this can be reported under financing activities in IAS 7, and US GAAP) 2) Did all companies have operating activities? YES 3) Did all operating activities come from the core business of providing sales/service? No. This cash flow activities operating section comes first and tells you how much the companies generated from core business as oppose of peripheral activities such as investing and borrowing. This is the area that you should focus because it paints the best pictures of how bell the firm’s business operation are producing that will ultimately benefit to shareholders. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Operating Activities" essay for you Create order

Funny Persuasive Speech Free Essays

Evaluate whether it’s worth it to lie to your teacher. If you are already at school and simply forgot to do it, then you’re probably out of luck here. But if you are at home the night before and just don’t want to do your homework, think about your options. We will write a custom essay sample on Funny Persuasive Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teachers are generally forgiving of those students who forget their homework on rare occasions; they get mad at those ones who repeatedly forget. So, before you decide not to do your homework and to come up with an excuse instead, ask yourself whether it’s worth it to waste your teacher’s patience on this assignment. After all, there may come a time where you really need to use an excuse. Don’t just take the easy way out now if it will cost you later. But once you have decided that you need an excuse†¦ 2 Spend time thinking about possible explanations that sound believable. In other words, these will need to be things which could realistically and likely occur with anyone (regardless of whether or not they are actually true) that the teacher, who gave you the assignment, is not likely to easily dismiss away in their mind as nonsense. A good way to start might be to ask yourself what kind of excuse would personally sound believable to you, or alternatively ask a trusted person you know for ideas. Some examples of what might work include: The good old â€Å"My dog ate my homework† excuse. If you don’t have a dog, this one certainly won’t work, but keep in mind that you can use a friend’s dog, especially if you had a friend with her pet come over the last couple days. Better yet, take a piece of scratch paper or notebook paper, and tear it up into a few sizes of chunks ranging small to large. If you really want to trick them out, go to a joke store and buy a package of fake dog drool, only fifteen cents cost worthy. Rub the drool over the pieces of paper, leaving it a little wet but not too soaked. If you don’t want to buy the fake drool just use water. Tell your teacher that you had an emergency at your house at the time you would have normally finished the work, and that’s the reason why – on this occasion – it’s not been done. Saying you’ve had other homework assignments which clashed with the deadline date for this one, and that this got in the way (it’s advisable to ask nicely for a deadline extension after). Saying that you accidentally lost the homework instructions, and haven’t realised it until now. For essays, say that you can’t get it printed because your printer is running out of ink or you left it in the printer. For online assignments, tell them that your computer crashed last night or your internet got cut off. For homework assignment that requires a book, tell them that you left the book at home or in your locker. 3 Think about how your teacher could find out that you are lying. If you go to a smaller school, make sure not to use the same excuse over and over again, because it is likely that other teachers already know that you have used an excuse. Also, think about whether the teacher could possibly talk to anyone else who could reveal your lie. For example, if you use the â€Å"family emergency† excuse, think about whether the teacher is likely to call your parents to confirm your story. Adjust your excuse accordingly. 4 Prepare to not be believed. Your teacher has likely heard a thousand excuses before, so prepared when he or she questions your excuse. Come up with an interesting back-story that is detailed but not too crazy. If you get nervous and stumble over your words when your teacher questions you, then he or she is not likely to believe that you are telling the truth. 5 Prepare to come up with even more excuses. If, for example, you say that your printer was broken and you could not print your assignment, your teacher will probably ask you why you didn’t email it to a friend and have them print it out. In this case, be ready to make up another excuse, and maybe a few more after that. This applies to many of the examples listed above, such as forgetting your book or having your computer crash. 6 Be polite and pitiable. When you tell your teacher that you did not do your homework, be as polite and regretful as possible. Offer to have it in ASAP, and beg for forgiveness. Also, portray yourself as the victim of the situation. Shift blame to your dog, computer, etc. , as long as it is shifted away from you. It may be helpful in this situation to cry, if you can manage good fake tears. 7 Stick to your story. Your teacher might not believe you, but if you are convincing and committed, it will be hard for them to know for sure that you are lying. However, be prepared to work extra-hard for at least a couple of weeks to restore your teacher’s trust. How to cite Funny Persuasive Speech, Essays

History of Waterboarding free essay sample

Torture has long been used by law enforcement agencies and governments to questions criminals and terrorists. It is used to coax confessions or to find out any sort of information that may lead to the arrest or capture of other criminals. Although the torturing of prisoners in the United States is strictly prohibited by the constitution, the government started using the tactic waterboarding against terrorists. Although the government says waterboarding has led to prevention on mass terrorist attacks on U. S soil, it is not accepted by all of this country’s citizens. It is believed by certain people that waterboarding is torture and others do not believe it is. It is my goal to explore why the United States deemed this technique necessary and why people argue that it is unconstitutional. Waterboarding is a process in which â€Å"The head is tilted back and water is poured into the upturned mouth or nose† (Bianchet). This causes the victim to have the sensation of drowning and leaves them gasping for air as their lungs fill up with water. This is done in small increments at time, usually over a two to four hour period. While this is the general idea of waterboarding, it is and can be conducted in many different manners. The most popular method involves strapping the prisoner to an inclined board while shackling his hands and feet down to the board. The prisoner’s feet are then inclined slightly above their head and cellophane or a cloth is put over the prisoners nose and mouth. If the cloth method is being used, water is slowly dripped on the cloth to soak it in water until both the mouth and nose are completely covered in water. If cellophane is being used, water is poured over the prisoners head. During this, â€Å"the gag reflex kicks in and a terrifying fear of drowning leads to almost instant pleas to bring the treatment to a halt† (Esposito, Ross, 2005). While this does not usually cause death, many of the side effects are â€Å"extreme pain, dry drowning, damage to lungs, brain damage from oxygen deprivation, other physical injuries including broken bones due to struggling against restraints, and lasting psychological damage† (Waterboarding, 2009). Waterboarding first became prominent in the fourteenth century during the Spanish Inquisition. The treatment was used some of time during the trial portion of the Inquisition. The first documented cases of the United States taking such measure were in the 1850’s in New York state prisons. The guards would use this to subdue an unruly prisoner. There is at least one documented death as a result of â€Å"showering† as it was called then. The U. S. army was accused of mistreating prisoners of war in the Philippines. The government maintained that the water treatment was fully legal under the terms of war. Theodore Roosevelt publicly stated that he would try to make sure nothing like that happened under his presidency again. Although when he sent a commission to the islands to investigate the accusations, the court martial decided that the treatment of prisoners was excessive. President Roosevelt had him dismissed from the army and nothing came of his report. After World War II, during the war crime tribunals, Japanese officer Yukio Asano, was convicted of committing war crimes of waterboarding against U. S. soldiers. He was sentenced to 15 years in a hard labor camp. Perhaps in the most public display of waterboarding yet, U. S. soldiers were caught using a similar water treatment on a Vietnamese soldier in 1968. A photograph catching them was put on the cover of the Washington Post. The soldier was later court martial and convicted. In 1983, a Texas sheriff and three of his deputies were convicted of handcuffing prisoners to chairs and waterboarding them to goad confessions. They were each sentenced to four years in prison. These examples show that waterboarding has not been accepted by the U. S. government in the past. Whether it was U. S. itizens being subjected to it or performing it, the performers all ended up getting some sort of prison sentence. With that precedent, it is hard to believe that the government would employ these tactics against its prisoners. The government has shown its intolerance for this illegal method in the past, but has the audacity to use it against terrorists. Historically waterboarding became a popular technique be cause â€Å"It causes great physical and mental suffering, yet leaves no marks on the body† (Weiner, 2007). Leaving no marks is a very big perk for someone committing a crime against humanity. With no physical evidence, there is little evidence that the victim was really subjected to the treatment. The CIA, no doubt, kept this in mind before authorizing the treatment of prisoners. The CIA used waterboarding as an interrogation method to try to get leaders of Al Qaeda to talk. The dilemma came up when Abu Zubaydah, an Al Qaeda leader, became uncooperative in prison. The George Bush administration held meetings to decide what interrogation methods would be legal. A modern form of waterboarding was deemed acceptable and the most extreme interrogation method listed. According to sources, waterboarding has been used on three top Al Qaeda officials (Ross, 2007). The CIA maintains that this method is effective and completely lawful. The most successful incident of waterboarding came with the interrogation of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. KSM, as he is known by, was subjected to waterbaording and lasted an astounding minute and thirty seconds, as compared to the average of 14 seconds by other prisoners. After the treatment he admitted to be the master mind of the September 11th attacks of 2001 and several other Al Qaeda attacks. Following the session, KSM also admitted to a plot to take down Los Angeles’ tallest building. That plot was thwarted in 2002. KSM was not captured until 2003. Many people believe that the waterboarding of KSM did not reveal anything and that he just confessed to things that already happened to get the guards to stop interrogating him. The most notable man subjected to waterboarding may not have admitted anything at all. The validity if the information given by prisoners subjected to enhance interrogation has also been called into question. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex — the brain’s centers of memory processing, storage and retrieval — are profoundly altered by stress hormones. Keep the stress up long enough, and it will result in compromised cognitive function and even tissue loss, warping the minds that interrogators want to read† (Kelm 2009). The damaging of the front lobe can also produce fake memories, so that the subject might think th ey are telling the truth when they are really lying. After all the torture that these people go thru, the information that they give up very well could be compromised. Even with this information, The Bush administration, still decided to go on with their so called â€Å"enhanced interrogation† methods. President Bush led the American public to believe that the government was not torturing these prisoners and that the information received was helping government intelligence. Many Americans, especially down South (where I used to live), thought that this was a necessary tactic that must be employed by the CIA. According to a poll from CNN. com when Americans were â€Å"asked whether they think the U. S. overnment should be allowed to use the procedure to try to get information from suspected terrorists, 58 percent said no; 40 percent said yes. † That is an astonishing number of people to agree to use something that is widely considered torture. There have been many people who have tried to say that waterboarding is not torture. In fact in 2005 the U. S. State Department admitted that submerging a victim’s head in water is torture but waterboarding is different and therefore not torture. In 2006, they released an updated document that prohibits the use of waterboarding by U. S. military personnel. One man who set out ot find the truth was Christopher Hitchens. A Vanity Fair reporter by trade, Hitchens decided that he would get a firsthand experience of waterboarding by former military men who had been trained on how to resist the treatment. He underwent the treatment and denies the fact that is simulates the experience of drowning. He says it is not the case because â€Å"you feel that you are drowning because you are drowning—or, rather, being drowned, albeit slowly and under controlled conditions and at the mercy (or otherwise) of those who are applying the pressure† (Hitchens, 2008). He goes on to talk about the long term psychological damage that it has had on him. If he is ever short of breath he feels himself claw at his face as if trying to get the damp clothes off. After undergoing the treatment twice, Hitchens goes on to say, â€Å"I apply the Abraham Lincoln test for moral casuistry: â€Å"If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong. † Well, then, if waterboarding does not constitute torture, then there is no such thing as torture† (2008). Strong words from someone who has experienced it firsthand. If the United States continues to use a technique that is both unlawful and immoral, than we as a country cannot take actions against other countries using the same techniques on our citizens. It is clear that if the U. S. is torturing prisoners the government is making immoral decisions. Even if the thought was to try to save U. S. citizens, the men that they tortured had been trained (just like U. S. soldiers) to resist the pain and not reveal any information. This being so, the U. S. made very unethical decisions in allowing this sort of treatment. The only way to fix these injustices is to do exactly what President Barack Obama did. He banned the use of waterboarding in January of 2009. He stated that the United States must stick to army field guidelines at all times when dealing with war criminals, even on our home soil. I don’t believe it would be right to put the men on trial who administrated the treatment as they were getting direct orders from the President’s office. Although they had the free will to not administer the treatment, they thought what they were doing was right and helping their country. I do think that President Obama could help right the situation by bringing to the United Nations attention about how wrong water boarding really is. He could say that other countries should follow the United States footsteps and admit they were wrong and help better the conditions for other prisoners of war. While President Obama has banned waterboarding, 40% of the American public still seems to think it is acceptable. If another attack similar to September 11th happens, will he be swayed by the citizens? This topic should be put to rest by him admitting that it is torture and vowing never to bring it back. Extensive research has proved it to be ineffective and extreme. If the President would admit that it is cruel and unusual punishment, it could be ruled unconstitutional by the courts and never be out into play again.